备考雅思

开始之前

还有八天就要考雅思了！要死！上次3天备考雅思的结果是作文惨得5.5分，幸运的是其他部分都不错！ 作文部分只能寄希望于《十天突破雅思写作（剑19版）》了（甚至超了俩天）！坚持一下每天记录！

• “答”是我回答的部分。
• “解”是答案。
• “注”是一些思考。
• “xxx”是对答案之后发现错的地方。

2024 Oct 04, Fri.

Day 1，其实你不懂雅思写作

要点

• 作文好句子的重点是“清晰、准确”。
• 注意使用正式表达，避免口语、祈使句和零散短句。
• 审题！
  • 读：逐字逐句读 2~3 遍。
  • 划：关键实词划横线，关键虚词（and, or, because, while, rather than）划圆圈。每段开头再看一遍自己划出的重点。
  • 译：当题目较长时翻译成中文写在一旁。

改错练习

下面的句子从 academic writing 学术写作的角度看句式或用词风格存在着什么问题？

1. Mobile phones are so important to our lives. Everyone should use mobile phones!

   答：“so important” 以及后半句用了祈使句，改：Mobile phones play an important role in our lives, most of people will use them.
   解：感情色彩过强，不符合 academic writing 要求平实、以理服人的风格，可以改为：Mobile phones are important tools for keeping us connected with our family and friends.

2. Lots of rivers and lakes have been damaged by waste and pollution.

   答：“Lots of” 是口语化表达：改：Many of rivers and lakes have been damaged by waste and pollution.
   解：lots of 是口语表达，在这句话里它的后面是 rivers and lakes （可数名词），所以把 lots of 换成朴实无华的 many 就很好。对于学术写作，准确地表达自己的意思比“炫酷”更重要。

3. Many consumers buy stuff based on fashion rather than comfort.

   答：“buy stuff” 太口语化了？改：Many comsumers purchase products based on fashion rather than comfort.
   解：buy stuff 在英语口语里厂用来表示“买东西”，在IELTS口试里这么说也地道，但是在学术写作里却不能使用像 stuff 这样的非正式词汇，应该改成 buy things 或 purchase things，或者写明具体购买的物品。例句：People who have good computer skills tend to buy more things online.

Day 2，让你的ideas更充实的秘诀

要点

从以下角度对论文进行分论点分析：

• S: Skill/技能 (提高) Efficiency/效率
• T: Technology/科技 (保障) Safety/安全
• R: Right/权力（对应）Responsibility/责任
• E: Environment/环境（影响）Health/健康
• E: Employment/就业（获得）Money/财务
• C: Culture/文化（带来）Fun/乐趣

速记为STREEC，对应12个角度。

分析练习

确定以下题目的分论点并用英文表述：

1. Some people think that students should focus on a few subjects, while others believe that students should study a wide range of subjects. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

   答：Some people think that students should focus on a few subjects, while others believe that students should study a wide range of subjects. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

   1. Focus on a few subjects can better improve skill. (Skill)
   2. Focus on a few subjects can have better efficiency. (Efficiency)
   3. Study a wide range of subjects can bring more fun. (Fun)

   解：

   1. Core subjects can help student to develop important skills. (Skill)
   2. Focusing on these subjects helps them to learn more efficiently. (Efficiency)
   3. Studying a wide range of subjects can help students to broaden their knowledge and skills. (Skill)
   4. Students who have a good understanding of a wide range of subjects can find jobs more easily after graduation. (Employment)
   5. Art subjects, such as painting and photography, can encourage imagination and develop students’ interest in art. (Skill & Fun)

Some people think that the media should stop reporting on the details of crime. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

答：Some people think that the media should stop reporting on the details of crime. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

1. People have right to know the truth. (Right)
2. Details of crime may make people feel anxious. (Health)
3. People may learn how to make crime from the report. (Safety)

解：

1. They may invade the victims’ privacy. (Right)
2. Some of these details are false or misleading. (Responsibility)
3. Most of the reports focus on the details of violent crime. They are likely to increase people’s fear of crime. (Health)
4. These reports give people detailed information about crime, which can help them to protect themselves and their communities. (Safety)
5. These details can attract more viewers, listeners or readers. This means more profit for media companies. (Money)

注：这题因为不知道罪犯（criminal）和受害者（victim）的单词怎么拼，有很多idea无法用英文表达。另，第二题的最后一点真是离谱，守序善良人大震惊。

Day 3，显微镜下的易错词

要点

常见错误：

• 不可数名词+s：
  • knowledge
  • information
  • advice
  • behaviour
• 相似词/词组记错：
  • affect - 影响及物动词，effect - 影响名词
  • rise - 自身上升不及物动词， raise - 提高/抚养及物动词，arise - 出现不及物动词
  • result in sth.- 导致某事物，result from sth.- 由某事物导致
• 错误的过去式：
  • spent
  • sent
• 拼写错误：
  • outweigh - 注意结尾没有t
  • modern
• 其他：
  • in a word - 这是口语表达
  • economy - 经济名词，economics - 经济学名词，economic - 经济相关的形容词，economical - 经济实惠的形容词
  • lack - 及物动词，lack of - 名词时后面必须有of
  • benefit - 对…有益及物动词，benefit from - 从…当中获益

易错词填空练习

1. Consumers can benefit from online shopping because it provides them with more choices. (benefit from / benefit)
2. Some children lack social skills. (lack / lack of)
3. Working long hours may result in stress and poor health. (result from / result in)
4. Global warming causes sea levels to rise. (raise / rise)
5. Tourism contributes to economical economic growth. (economy / economics / economic / economical)
6. People can find infromation easily and quickly on the Internet. (information / informations)

不可数名词判断练习

请从下面的名词中找出不可数名词

名词	可数?	名词	可数?	名词	可数?
suggestion	Y	advice	N	equipment	Y N
tool	N Y	potential	Y N	skill	Y
plan	N Y	behaviour	N	information	N
message	N Y

注：谢谢，10个里面错了5个，该补单词了。

写作语法7宗罪

从下列句子中找出语法错误：

1. Allow employees to work from home can help employers to reduce costs.

   答：Allow → Allowing，动名词作主语加ing。
   解：动词 allow 改为动名词 allowing 。

2. Electric cars can use energy more efficient than traditional cars.

   答：Electric → Electrical，形容词。
   解：efficient 是形容词，不能修饰 use energy ，应改为 efficiently（副词）。

3. Some people think that schools should encouraging students to use public transport.

   答：encouraging → encourage。
   解：情态动词（can, should, may）后面必须紧跟另一个动词的原型， encouraging 改为 encourage 。

4. The results of space research has increased our knowledge about our own planet.

   答：？
   解：Results 才是主语， has 应改为 have 。

5. The main reason of this view is that men and women should have eual opportunities.

   答：？
   解： Reason 后面不能跟 of，常用搭配为：pay attention to, suffer from, reason for, contribute to 。

6. Some people argued that government funding for artists is a waste of money.

   答：？
   解：Argued 毫无理由地用了过去式，议论文里通常使用现在式。

7. They believe that, large cities can provide a higher standard of living.

   答：higher standard → higher standards。
   解：That后面不能写逗号。

注：谢谢，7个里面错了5个，该补语法了。

语法填空练习

1. Governments should take (take / taking) measures to improve health education.
2. Encouraging (Encourage / Encouraging) children to do outdoor activities can help them to develop a healthy lifestyle.
3. The number of private cars is (is / are) increasing in large cities.
4. Globalisation may erode (eroding / erode / eroded) national culture and traditions. (erode: 动词，削弱)
5. These skills can help young people when they enter (enter / entered) the job market.
6. Historic buildings that attract (attract / attracts) many tourists should be protected and improved. (attract: 吸引)
7. The benefits of environmental protection are (is / are) sometimes difficult to measure.
8. This system can help to make public transport more efficient (efficiently / efficient).
9. Children should be encouraged not to pay too much attention to (to / on) toy advertising.
10. People who exercise regularly (regular / regularly) are more likely to be healthy.

今日堂堂结束！

大概花了三个小时，希望能在明后两天把《十天突破》刷完然后实际地下去练一练。Minecraft，启动！

2024 Oct 05, Sat.

困啊困啊

Day 4，经得起推敲的作文结构

要点

雅思作文题目分两类：

1. Report (15% ~ 20%)
   分析现象的causes，solutions，problems，factors，measures，effects。
   开头段写法：转述背景，概括分析
   • 首先要判断要求分析这种现象的哪两个方面
   • 简要地概括这两方面，如：There are several causes of this trend, but measures can be taken to address it. (causes + solutions)
2. Argument
   要求考生辨论观点或比较利弊，有四种提问方式：
   1. Do you agree or disagree? / To what extent do you agree or disagree?
      同不同意（高频）
      开头段写法：转述背景，表明态度
      • 转述的时候不要搞太复杂。
      • 用以下句式来表明态度：Although I agree that …, I believe that … / While I agree that …, I believe that …
      • 绝不允许出现别人的想法（Others think that …）。
   2. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
      双方讨论（高频）
      开头段写法：转述背景，转述观点
      • 两次转述都保证简单精炼，不要偏题，如果题目没有背景可以不用转述背景。
      • 用以下句式转述观点：Some people think that …, while others believe that …
      • 开头段不用表明自己的的倾向，在结尾段再说明。
   3. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? / To what extent do you think the benefits outweigh the drawbacks?
      比较利弊（中高频）
      注：官方没有解释怎么写比较好，以下是我自己的总结。
      开头段写法：转述利弊，表明态度
      • 在表明态度时可以用同义词替换 advantages / benefits 和 disadvantages / drawbacks.
   4. What is your opinion? / What is your view?
      你怎么看（低频）

判断清楚Argument or Report，再具体分析是Argument的哪一类 / Report的各个要素。

4段式和5段式的区别：

• 4段式的每个主体段包含 2 ~ 3 个分论点，适合 supporting sentences 不够的情况。
• 5段式的每个主体段只包含 1 个分论点，适合 ideas 不够的情况。

开头段练习

用 2 ~ 3 分钟写出每道题的开头段。

1. 同不同意

   1. The subjects that children study are decided by the government. Some people argue that teachers should be responsible for this task. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

      答：The government will decide the subjects that children can learn in the school. Although I agree that government should keep students learn mostly the same subjects, I believe that giving right to teachers to decide some subjects is also important.
      GPT改：The government will typically decides the subjects that children can learn study in the school. Alothough I agree that the government should keep ensure students receive a uniform education in core subjects, I believe that allowing teachers some flexibility in deciding certain subjects is important.
      解： The subjects that children are taught at school are decided by the government. Although I agree that a curriculum set by the government can have benefits, I believe that teachers shoud decide what children are taught at school.
      注：GPT在用词上更加准确，显得成熟很多，官方给的答案在意思上似乎完全偏向了另一侧？BTW，问GPT它和官方哪个更好它坚持它改的是最好的。

   2. The consumption of junk food damages health. Better health education is the only solution to this problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

      答：Junk food will make people unhealthy and better health education can help to solve this problem. While I agree that better health education is helpful, I also believe that there is other way to overcome this problem.
      GPT改：The consumption of junk food adversely affects people’s health, and better health education can contribute to addressing this issue. While I agree that improved health education is beneficial, I also believe there are other effective ways to tackle this problem.
      解：Eating junk food causes damage to our health. While I agree that better health education helps to reduce the damage, I believe that solving this problem needs more than health education.
      注：感觉官方的解答比我更直接，看来背景部分还可以再精炼。

2. 双方讨论

   1. Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others, however, believe that children should be taught to cooperate. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

      答：Some people think that competition between children is beneficial, while others believe that cooperation should be taught more.
      注1： ？只有一个句子就只能这样写了？不对劲，看看解先。
      解：Some people argue that children should be encouraged to compete for success, while others say that children should be taught to share and work together.
      注2：看来这样就是可以了，不过感觉自己的前半句关于competition的会不会有点偏题？后半句对cooperation的改写值得学习。

   2. Some people think that museums should be place to entertain people, while others believe that the purpose of museums is to educate. Discuss bothe these views and give your own opinion.

      答： Some people aruge that museums should have entertainment abilities, while other people believe that museums should only focus on education.
      GPT改： Some people argue that museums should serve as places of entertainment, while others believe that their primary purpose is education.
      解： Many museums are open to the public in my country. Some people argue that the purpose of museums is to provide entertainment, while others say that museums should educate visitors.
      注： 官方的解答似乎擅自加了点背景上去（，看来没啥能写的时候是可以加点背景的。

3. 比较利弊

   1. Some people argue that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

      注1：书上完全没讲怎么写这个，该开始自由发挥了。
      注2：没思路，看看解先。
      解： Some people think that children should start studying a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school. I believe that the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantagees.
      注3： 似乎是先转述一遍pro和cons，然后再阐明自己的观点？

   2. In some countries, governments encourage businesses to move to areas outside big cities. Do the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?

      答： In some countries, governments prefer businesses to stay outside big cities instead, I believe that the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages.
      解： In some countries, businesses are encouraged by governments to move out of large cities. I believe that the drawbacks of this trend outweigh the benefits.
      注： 差不多就是之前的思路，不过要注意可以使用同义词替换advantages / disadvantages。

结尾段练习

判断下面的结尾段分别是和那种类型的考题（同不同意，双方分析，比较利弊，Report）

1. In conclusion, there are various reasons for overpopulation, but measures can certainly be taken to tackle this problem.

   ( Report )

2. In my opinion, focusing on sports facilities would not be the best way to improve public health. People should be encouraged to lead a healthier lifestyle in general.

   ( 同不同意 双边讨论 )

3. In conclusion, I agree that e-books are cheaper and more convenient. At the same time, I believe that paper books will still be an important source of information.

   ( 双边讨论 同不同意 )
   注： 也许应该关注agree这个词。

4. Overall, it seems to me that the benefits of nuclear energy outweigh the drawbacks.

   ( 比较利弊 )

Day 5，剑桥对想问流畅的真实要求

要点

衔接手段分为两大类：

1. 明连接，即直接用连接词衔接。总共8种，速记为果粒对比，不设下限，通常在一篇作文中会用到 2 ~ 4 种：
   1. 因果，例子，对比，类比，让步，假设，下定义，限定范围。
   2. 因果展开 (As a result … / Therefore …)
   3. 举例展开 (For example, …)
   4. 对比展开 (By contrast, …)
   5. 类比展开 (Similarly, …)
   6. 让步展开 (Although …)
      注：这个没有很理解，有点类似转折的意思？“然而……”的感觉。
   7. 假设展开 (If … / Without …, … would …)
   8. 下定义展开 (This means that … / In other words, …)
   9. 限定范围展开 (Specifically, …)
2. 暗承接，借助代词或相关名词来衔接：
   1. 人称代词 / 物主代词来衔接。
   2. 指示代词来衔接。
   3. 用与分论点直接相关的名词（具体化）来衔接。

今日困困结束！

不在困倦中睡去就在困倦中死去。困得不行的一天，只花了两个多小时在这上面，Day 4的练习量比较大，还好Day 5没有再有作业，不过明天还有（悲。明天加油！

2024 Oct 06, Sun.

Day 6，论证充实的关键——写好每个分论点的支持句

要点

支持句结构：Idea → Explain in Detail → Example
先列分论点，再解释原因，最后举例。但要注意不要每个分论点都举例，1 ~ 2 个即可。

支持句思考练习

下面这些支持句式只用连接词，还是也使用代词、与分论点直接相关的名词等衔接手段？

1. （分论点）Young people who take a year off to travel or work may never teturn to their studies.

   Why: Travel cost money? Travel is more fun?

   （支持句）They may think that is better to continue in a job or to do things that are different from a university course.

   用代词衔接。

2. （分论点）Studying abroad makes young people more independent.

   Why: Living without family? Take Responsibility for themselves?

   （支持句）Young people who study abroad live far away from their parents. They need to cook, clean their room and manage money on their own. As a result, they learn to take care of and depend on themselves.

   用名词短语衔接。

3. （分论点）The Internet can help business to reduce costs.

   Why: Find cheaper goods on the Internet. Using the Internet to better cooperate with other companies.

   （支持句）For example, business partners in different places can reduce travel costs by having online meetings to discuss their plans. Email can also help business to save money on their phone bills.

   举例展开。

4. （分论点）Cooking and eating meals together can help to improve family relationships.

   Why: This provides a chance to communicate with families.

   （支持句）Family members have the chance to help each other when they prepare meals together. When they share meals, they can also share ideas and opinions as a family. As a result, their relationships become stronger.

   名词短语开始解释，因果展开做衔接。

5. （分论点） Food that is transported over long distances contains harmful chemicals.

   Why: 没思路。

   （分论点） These chemicals change the tase of the food and damage consumers’ health. By contrast, locally-grown food is usually fresh and healthy.

   代词开始，对比展开。

6. （分论点）People can affect the environmental actions taken by governments.

   Why: They may refuce to cooperate with governments. For example, environmental actions might damage business profits.

   （支持句）If more individuals choose to support and vote for politicians who about the environment, there will be more eco-friendly policies introduced by governments.

   假设展开。

7. （分论点）Many old buildings are considered to be works of art.

   Why: They represent the history and culture of cities?

   （支持句）They look unique and bring art into people’s everyday life. Without odd buildings, cities would become less interesting and attractive.

   用Without…, … would …进行的反面假设。

8. （分论点）Multinational companies can create jobs in developing countries.

   Why: They face to larger markets than those companies in developing countries. Therefore, they can hire more people to serve large markets. 注：妈的，想不出来why，好扯。

   （支持句）They need employees with local knowledge and local language skills. This means that local people can find a variety of jobs at these companies.

   定义展开。

9. （分论点）One of the main disadvantagesa of international food trade is that it damages the environment.

   Why: Transporing food from one country to another cost large amount of fuel. This means that, transportation will pollute air and cause global warming.

   （支持句）Specifically, trucks that transport food to other countries use large amounts of fossil fuels. Emissions from these trucks pollute the air and contribute to global warming.

   限制范围展开。

支持句写作练习

针对以下每个分论点写出 1 ~ 3 句支持句。

1. Job security can increase employees’ job satisfaction.

   答：Job security provides a safe environment for employess to work. As a result, employees don’t need to worry about their personal safety. Therefore, employees will more satisfy the job.
   解：Jobs with higher level of job security can provide a steady source of income. They also make employees feel respected and valued. As a result, employees are more likely to feel satisfied with their jobs.

2. Solar energy is more eco-friendly than fossil fuel energy.

   答：Fossil fuels will pollute air and cause global warming while using them. In contrast, solar energy will not affect air or produce any pollution.
   解：It comes from the light and heat of the sun. This means that it is clean and does not cause damage to the environment. By contrast, burning fossil fuels pollutes the air and contributes to global warming.

3. Historical buildings are an important part of our cultural heritage.

   答：They build the connection between generations that grown under the same culture. This means that, young people can learn the culture from elders through historical building.
   解：They show us how people lived in the past and help us to better understand our history. Mny of them are also considered important works of art. Without historical buildings, an important part of our cultural heritage would be lost.

Day 7，别了，“中式英语”——120急救短语

要点

没啥要点，就是多用短语而不是复杂词汇。

2024 Oct 07, Mon.

Day 8，真实的高分范文——比你想象的简单

要点

• 每道考题只需要 3 ~ 5 条短语。
• 坚持写平实易懂的论证，远离长难句。
• 开头和结尾 short and clear。
• 主体段 well supported。 常见错误：
• 同不同意：
  • 决不能出现 Other people think that…。
  • 在主体段和开头段中的观点不一致。
• 双方讨论：
  • 控制在每一方论述的字数，不要太偏重某一方。

2024 Oct 14, Mon.

说是要每天记录，结果放假结束之后就完全没空了，总之雅思机考出分是真的快啊，已堂堂完结！
8号开始到12号主要就是写了一次阅读题，试了两次听力题，然后12号早上去雅思考场的公交车上面狂看task1小作文（是的，10天突破雅思写作的最后两天到了考试当天才看完）。
放个成绩单简单炫耀下（听力9分，难道我真是天才？），希望自己能保持不惧困难的心态在其他各种事情上继续加油。